Sudan’s Supreme Court Reaffirms Women’s Right to Confer Nationality on Children
Some 2,000 deaths due to cholera have been reported in just three months, Oxfam says
Yemen is suffering from the world’s largest cholera epidemic on record, Oxfam said on Friday morning.
The organisation documented more than 360,000 suspected cases of cholera in a three-month period, topping Haiti’s 340,000 cases after an earthquake in 2011.
Oxfam said that 2,000 people have died from the disease since the start of the outbreak in April.
“It is quite frankly staggering that in just three months more people in Yemen have contracted cholera than any country has suffered in a single year since modern records began,” said Nigel Timmins, Oxfam’s humanitarian director.
“Cholera has spread unchecked in a country already on its knees after two years of war and which is teetering on the brink of famine. For many people, weakened by war and hunger, cholera is the knockout blow.”
“This is a massive crisis needing a massive response – if anything the numbers we have are likely to underestimate the scale of the crisis. So far, funding from government donors to pay for the aid effort has been lacklustre at best, less than half is what is needed,” he added.
On 10 July, a 10-week cholera epidemic had infected more than 300,000 people in Yemen, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) said, adding that the epidemic is a health disaster to a country already ravaged by war, economic collapse and near-famine.
The most intense impact has been in the western areas of the country, which have been fiercely contested in a two-year war between a Saudi-led coalition and Houthi rebels.
Yemen’s economic collapse means 30,000 healthworkers have not been paid for more than 10 months, so the UN has stepped in with “incentive” payments to get them involved in an emergency campaign to fight the disease.
The spread of the disease is also being limited by “herd immunity” – the natural protection afforded by a large proportion of the population contracting and then surviving the disease.
TThe Supreme Court of Sudan reaffirmed the right of Sudanese women to confer nationality on their children in a July 6 decision. This important advancement for gender equal nationality rights underscores the need for Sudan’s Nationality Act to be aligned with the country’s Interim Constitution and international law.
Though the Interim Constitution (2005) enshrines the equal right of men and women to pass nationality to their children, the Sudanese Nationality Act (amended 2011) retains several provisions that discriminate against women. While Sudanese men automatically confer citizenship on their children, the children of Sudanese women and foreign fathers are required to submit an application in order to acquire citizenship. Sudanese women are also unable to confer nationality on foreign spouses, a right reserved for Sudanese men. The Nationality Act further states that nationals who acquire South Sudanese citizenship will be stripped of their Sudanese citizenship.
The Supreme Court’s decision focused on Adel Burai Ramadan, a formerly Sudanese citizen who was stripped of his nationality on the basis that his (formerly Sudanese) father acquired South Sudanese citizenship. In stripping Ramadan of this citizenship, the Ministry did not recognize Ramadan’s right to citizenship from the maternal line. The Court ordered that Sudanese citizenship be restored to Ramadan without delay.
By holding that the Interim Constitution guarantees Ramadan’s right to Sudanese citizenship, the Supreme Court’s decision is a major step towards equal nationality rights for Sudanese women. While an important milestone, the Nationality Act must be reformed to bring it in line with the Interim Constitution, thereby helping to ensure that local authorities uphold women’s right to pass nationality to their children. For the Nationality Act to enshrine gender equality, it must also uphold women’s ability to confer nationality on spouses on an equal basis with Sudanese men, in line with international human rights law.he UN announced in early July that resources devoted toward combating malnutrition were being diverted to fighting cholera.
“Humanitarian organisations have had to reprogramme their resources away from malnutrition and reuse them to control the cholera outbreak,” the UN humanitarian coordinator in Yemen, Jamie McGoldrick, told a news briefing in the capital Sanaa.
“And if we don’t get these resources replaced, then using those resources for cholera will mean that food security will suffer,” he said.
